Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, which is most often infectious.The symptoms of the disease are painful and interfere with the normal quality of life.In addition, this disease can pose a serious threat to kidney health.How to recognize the first symptoms of cystitis and most importantly - how to prevent it?Immunologist answered this question.
Causes of inflammation
The urine system includes: kidneys, urethra, bladder and urethra.The main purpose of the system is to filter the blood and remove metabolic products and medicines from the body.Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder and the cause can be lowered from the kidneys, that is, it spreads along the descending path or, conversely, climb from the urethra.
There are differences between the sexes in the structure of the urinary system.Considering that women have a shorter and a larger urethra.Infections spread easier and quickly to the bladder so that women are at risk.In clinical practice, it is customary to distinguish several types of cystitis.
- Bacterial cystitis most often occurs when the bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra.Inflammation is caused by E. coli, which spreads from the anal area.Another possible path of transmission is through sexual intercourse.However, inflammation can be caused by your own microbiome.
There is also a non -infectious cystitis that has several types:
- Interstitial
The exact cause of chronic inflammation is unclear.But statistically, it is more often registered in women.However, diagnosis and treatment are difficult due to the specific picture, as well as the lack of understanding of the causes of inflammation.
- Medicine
Inflammation can be caused by taking certain medicines.For example, chemotherapy agents, as the elimination of metabolic products occurs through the kidneys and bladder.
- Ray
Radiation therapy in the pelvic organs prescribed for the treatment of cancer pathologies can cause inflammation.Chemotherapy adds complications that not only irritate the walls of the bladder, but also reduce the functioning of the immune system.
- Foreign body
Long -term catheterization predisposes to the development of bacterial cystitis, as well as traumatic tissue damage, which only complicates the situation.
- Allergic
Inflammation can be caused by the action of certain cosmetics, such as a balloon bath, washing gels, as well as some contraceptives (spermicidal creams).
- As a symptom of other diseases
Sometimes cystic can be a symptom or complication of other diseases such as diabetes, urolithiasis, prostatitis and prostate adenoma.
Risk factors
Some people are more likely to develop bladder infections like women.But there are other risk factors:
- Intercourse
Excessively active sexual contact or with full bladder increases the likelihood of cystitis.
- Using certain types of contraceptives
The use of a diaphragm increases the likelihood of cystitis.Some types of barrier contraceptives containing spermicidal agents increase the likelihood of cystitis.
- Pregnancy
In this case, hormonal changes, reduced immune function, and increasing uterus, which puts pressure on the bladder, predisposes to inflammation.
- Menopause
In this case, hormonal changes, as well as dry mucous membranes, predispose to inflammation.
- Violations of the flow of urine
In men, cystic develops due to impaired urine leakage, which can occur with urolithiasis or enlargement of the prostate gland.It should be noted that in men without predisposing factors, cystics rarely develop.
Symptoms of cystitis
Symptoms of cystitis vary depending on the form and cause of the inflammation.But it is still possible to identify a number of common ones that form in any form of inflammation:
- Frequent urination
This is the first and early sign of cystitis.Due to inflammation of the bladder walls, the receptors are irritated even by small amounts of urine.Therefore, a frequent desire for urination is formed, but a small amount of urine is excreted.
- Feeling of a bladder that is not fully emptied
This can be explained by the inflammatory process and irritation of the bladder walls.In addition to frequent urination, it disrupts the normal quality of life, interferes with daily activities and can cause increased irritation and mood swings.
- Burning sensation when urinating
Gradually, when urinating, a clear burning sensation appears.Initially, at the end of the urethra, when the urination begins, but after completion, the feeling of burning flows into a wave to the bladder.The severity of the burning sensation can vary and depends on the severity of the disease.
- Pain
Along with the burning sensation, the pain occurs when urinating.Sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish between burning and pain;They merge with each other.Sometimes pain and discomfort in the pelvic area can continue even in the pelvic organs.
- Fever
In cystitis, body temperature rarely increases to high levels (up to 37.5 ° C) and often remains completely normal.
- Changes in urine
Urine may have an unpleasant, clear odor.In some cases, it can find different impurities: sediment or blood in the urine, which causes its color - it becomes dark.
Anxious symptoms
There are a number of symptoms that require emergency medical attention.These include:
- Severe back pain and/or country that can radiate to the groin.In combination with signs of cystitis, this may indicate urolithiasis and other signs.
- Significant increase in body temperature - more than 38 ° C. Increasing temperature is a sign of serious inflammation.
- Nausea and vomiting.The onset of such symptoms shows serious intoxication as it is a defensive reaction as the body tries to get rid of toxins.
- You should consult a doctor immediately if you are also experiencing painful urination containing blood.You should be especially careful if the symptoms appear after taking antibiotics.
Possible complications
Complications only develop if there is no treatment or if the doctor's recommendations are not respected.Complications include kidney damage.The infection can rise from the bladder to the kidneys and cause pyelonephritis.And this is a very serious disease that can lead to irreversible kidney damage and metabolic disorders.Children and the elderly, as well as women during pregnancy, are at risk of developing such complications.
How to prevent cystics
When the first symptoms occur, you should take active measures to treat your doctor.To determine the treatment tactics, you need to undergo examination and determine the causes of inflammation.Collecting complaints, symptoms and suspicious causes will help.
Given that the most common cause of inflammation is the bacteria, patients are prescribed antibiotics, as well as baths with anti-inflammatory solutions and other recommendations that will help to quickly deal with inflammation.
In the future, it is recommended that you adhere to the following rules:
- Keep the drinking mode.
This is the basic rule that must be adhered to particularly strictly.
- Go to the toilet at the first gust.
If you feel a desire to urinate, you should go to the toilet immediately;It is strictly forbidden to support it.By the way, this rule should be followed outside the cyst.
- Follow the personal hygiene rules.
When washing the flow of water movements and hands, the pubis should be directed to the anus.The same rule must be followed during all manipulations.During personal hygiene, it is not recommended to use hard brushes or rub the area around the vagina and anus too intensively.
- Take a shower.
Unlike the bathroom, the shower allows the water to drain and prevent the spread of infection.
- Empty your bladder.
You should visit the toilet and empty your bladder before and after intercourse.A popular book describes the situation: with full bladder the body is more light and stronger.In fact, this is not true, the only desire is to visit the toilet faster and the symptoms of cystitis will not take long.