Urinary tract inflammation is a common problem not only among women;half of humanity also suffers from this disease, but less often due to physiological characteristics.The main symptoms of cystitis in men: increased frequency of urination and its pain, discomfort and pain in the suprapubic area, impurities in the urine.Therapy includes the use of antimicrobial drugs and various procedures.
What is cystitis
Bacterial infection leads to inflammation of the bladder.This occurs when pathogens enter the target organ through the urethra.The disease is classified as a lower urinary tract infection.The male urethra is longer than the female, so cystitis is less common in the strong half of humanity than in women.
Reasons
Observance of simple rules of personal hygiene will allow a young man to avoid cystitis with almost one hundred percent probability.In older age, the risk of the disease increases.Cystitis is often caused by other diseases, such as urethral stricture, urolithiasis, and chronic sexually transmitted infections.Weakened immunity is also a triggering factor, and this is often due to the use of cytostatics and hormonal drugs.
The cause of cystitis in women is an ascending infection from the urethra, vagina, anus, while in men it spreads from the urethra, epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicles.The presence of urological problems leading to narrowing of the urethra and stasis of urine can cause the disease.Obstruction of the urethra by any foreign body, stones, diverticula (protrusion of the wall of the organ), adenoma of the prostate can lead to cystitis.
Since it is difficult for the infection to penetrate into a man's bladder, cystitis can appear against the background of other diseases such as vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, prostatitis and epididymitis.Urogenital infection occurs when infected with ureaplasma, pale treponema (syphilis), gonococci, mycoplasmas, staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, enterococci, trichomonads, chlamydia, protea, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus, Escherichia coli and pseudomonas, fungi (candidiasis), Klebsiella, Listeria or coliform bacteria.
The infection may also have a descending character if it is caused by renal tuberculosis or pyelonephritis.Favorable conditions for the development of cystitis can be the presence of bad habits, stress, improper nutrition and excessive physical activity.Sinusitis, influenza, chronic tonsillitis, although they first affect the respiratory system, can spread through the blood to other organs and introduce bacteria into the bladder.This leads to the fact that cystitis often occurs as a complication of infectious diseases.
The infection can be introduced by doctors in the hospital during catheterization or cystoscopy.Other factors contributing to the disease include diabetes mellitus, hypothermia, stress, lack of sleep, abdominal surgery, resection of the prostate, transurethral surgery, and malignant tumors of the urethra and prostate.
The first signs of cystitis in men
If there is a suspicion of an inflammatory process, then treatment should not be delayed.Cystitis in men is diagnosed and antibiotics are prescribed.The first signs of the disease can be detected independently if:
- frequent urination
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- burning when urinating;
- blood, mucus and pus in the urine;
- general weakness, temperature above normal (37°C).
Symptoms
Male cystitis is defined by pronounced symptoms.The development of the disease in an acute form is characterized by an increased frequency of urination, a difficult and painful sensation in the lower abdomen and cloudy urine.If these phenomena appear, it is necessary to see a urologist as soon as possible.The frequent urge to urinate is one of the main symptoms of cystitis, while a very small amount of fluid may come out during one visit to the toilet, and incontinence often occurs.
With cystitis, the man may have to make an effort to start urinating.There are also painful sensations, burning or stinging, which are especially strong at the beginning and in the last stage of urination.The pain varies in strength and intensity and may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the penis, perineum and pubic area.Symptoms of cystitis in men are supplemented by increased body temperature, headache, fatigue, weakness, increased sweating, chills and decreased appetite.
In a hemorrhagic, gangrenous form of cystitis, the urine becomes cloudy.There may be blood and mucus in it, and a sharp, unpleasant smell of decay appears.The volume of urine is reduced to 400 ml per day.Symptoms of cystitis in men are mild if a chronic form is observed.Almost no pain is felt, the frequency of urination increases slightly, and there is only mucus in the urine.This form of the disease has periods of exacerbation and remission.
Chronic cystitis
This form is characterized by few symptoms and often has a continuous stable or undulating course.So the complications of cystitis in men in chronic form are as follows:
- persistent leukocyturia (increased number of leukocytes in the urine);
- pyuria (presence of pus in the urine);
- proteinuria (excretion of protein in the urine above the norm);
- macroscopic or microscopic hematuria (presence of blood in the urine);
- the presence of mucus in the urine.
Spicy
This form of cystitis has extensive symptoms.The main manifestations indicating the acute phase are the following:
- frequent urination, including nocturia (predominance of nocturnal diuresis);
- imperative drives;
- stranguria (pain, difficulty urinating);
- cloudy urine;
- terminal hematuria;
- fever, chills, reduced ability to work;
- pain, tingling and burning when urinating,
- pain in the suprapubic area, penis, groin, scrotum;
- decrease in urine volume (up to 10-20 ml);
- development of incontinence;
- leukocyturia, hematuria, pyuria.
- intoxication (with a hemorrhagic, gangrenous or phlegmonous form);
- cloudy color of urine, putrid smell of discharge, presence of impurities of mucus and mucus.
Treatment
To prevent inflammation of the bladder, the prevention of cystitis in men is important.If it was still not possible to protect yourself and the first signs of the disease appear, then you should visit a specialist as soon as possible.Therapy is prescribed only after the urologist collects a complete history and conducts examinations.Acute cystitis, accompanied by severe pain and constant retention of urine, will require hospital treatment and a detailed study of the processes taking place in the body to determine the type of pathogenic microorganism.The following are recommended as general therapy:
- Bed rest during the acute period of the disease, use of antipyretics, consumption of large amounts of liquid (up to 2.5 liters per day), adherence to a diet in the absence of acidic, spicy and salty foods in the diet.
- antibiotics.After identification of the pathogen, antimicrobial agents are prescribed.The most common are fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans and cephalosporins.Medicines are taken for one week.
- Phytotherapy.Diuretic and anti-inflammatory herbal medicines are effective against cystitis.Herbal teas (bearberry, horsetail, lingonberry leaves) will be useful in this disease.Such drugs have a supportive effect and help relieve inflammation.You should be aware of the possibility of an allergic reaction to herbs.Cranberry juice or a fruit drink will be beneficial;tablets containing cranberry extract are effective.Such drugs reduce the concentration of the antibiotic, so they can be used after the end of the course of treatment.
- Antispasmodics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will help relieve pain.
- Some sexually transmitted infections can lead to cystitis in men.The treatment regimen is prescribed by a specialist.
- Immunomodulators and probiotics.Such means help the body recover after a course of antibiotics.They are not directly involved in the treatment of the disease.Immunomodulators help the body fight pathogens, and probiotics restore intestinal microflora.
- The course of treatment depends on concomitant diseases such as pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, adenomectomy, prostatitis.Therapy of these diseases is necessary to cure cystitis.
- Bladder lavage.In some cases, this procedure is recommended with antiseptics;the use of novocaine blockades is effective.
- Physiotherapy.At the end of the acute period of the disease, in order to accelerate the recovery of the body and resorption, ultrasound procedures, UHF, mud treatment, magnetic laser therapy and electrophoresis are used.